What size system will I need to run my home? 
                    That entirely depends on your energy usage 
                      and your geographical location. A 1 kW system will cover 
                      between 16 and 25% of the energy consumption of a medium 
                      household. A 4 kW system will cover aprox 100% of the energy 
                      consumption of a medium energy use household.
                    Does roof orientation really matter?
                     Most certainly. For example, a system with 
                      solar panels facing in a westerly direction will generate 
                      far less than one with a northerly aspect.
                     How does a Grid Connect Solar system generate 
                      electricity?
                     When sunlight shines onto your Solar modules, 
                      our advanced photovoltaic (PV) technology converts the light 
                      into direct current (DC) electricity. Your system’s 
                      inverter then converts the DC electricity into 240V alternating 
                      current (AC) electricity for normal use in your home.
                     How is the solar electricity metered?
                     In Australia there are two different ways 
                      of metering the electricity your Solar system produces.
                      
                      One method used is called ‘net metering’. Electricity 
                      utilities allow the excess electricity generated (generation 
                      exceeding consumption) by your solar system to be sent to 
                      the grid at the retail rate for that given time period by 
                      allowing the utility meter to effectively spin backwards. 
                      This arrangement allows all electricity produced by your 
                      system to be used to offset the remaining portion of your 
                      utility bill. In other words, the utility buys back the 
                      excess electricity your Solar system exports to the grid 
                      at the same retail price you pay for that electricity. However, 
                      for most large homes or homes with high electricity demand, 
                      a solar electricity system will cover only a portion of 
                      the total demand, thereby simply reducing the amount you 
                      take from the grid.
                      
                      The second method used is ‘export metering’ 
                      or ‘gross metering’. This is where utilities 
                      allow all the electricity generated by your solar system 
                      to be sent to the grid at the retail rate for that given 
                      time period. This is done via a dedicated utility meter 
                      which is separate from your utility consumption meter. This 
                      arrangement allows all electricity produced by your solar 
                      system to be offset against your entire utility bill. In 
                      other words, the utility buys back all the electricity your 
                      Solar system produces, at the same retail price you pay 
                      for that electricity.
                     What will happen in utility electrical blackouts?
                     By law, any grid-connected solar electricity 
                      system must shut down until utility power returns in order 
                      to assure a safe working environment for utility line workers. 
                      The system will automatically come back online when the 
                      blackout is over.
                     With grid connect systems, what can I do to keep 
                      power during a blackout? 
                     You will need battery back-up.
                    How much of a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions 
                      will I achieve? 
                    Using a comparison to a car, the average 
                      vehicle in Australia travels 20 000 km per annum, which 
                      is equivalent to 3.3 tons of carbon dioxide discharge annually. 
                      A 2kw grid connected system will prevent 3.3 tons of carbon 
                      dioxide being generated through coal fired power generation 
                      - so it's the equivalent of taking a car off the road each 
                      year. 
                     How safe is a Grid Connect Solar system?
                     Solar electricity systems are very safe. 
                      They have no moving parts and require very little maintenance. 
                      Solar components carry all appropriate/recommended electrical 
                      certifications. As with any electrical appliance, you should 
                      always use proper care when handling solar system components.
                      iSustain Australia highly recommends that installation and 
                      maintenance of solar systems be handled by BCSE-accredited 
                      solar installers and that licensed electricians be used 
                      for grid-connected systems.
                    
                    Remote Area Power Systems FAQ
                    How much does a RAPS cost?
                     A RAPS system to provide all of the power 
                      requirements for an energy-efficient house with a typical 
                      range of appliances can cost between $15,000 and $50,000. 
                      The size of the system needed will depend on the number 
                      of people in the home, what appliances are in use, and how 
                      often they are used. Rebates are available to pay for up 
                      to half of the system costs.
                      Connecting to a grid may cost $10,000 per kilometre of power 
                      lines, making the option of a RAPS system a viable alternative.
                      The cost of a small renewable energy system to run a farm 
                      shed light using one panel and a small battery can be as 
                      low as $200. 
                    How does a remote power system work?
                     The DC electricity produced by the wind 
                      turbine or solar panel array is routed through wiring to 
                      a solar regulator or charge controller, which regulates 
                      the charging of the deep cycle battery bank. DC appliances 
                      can then be run off the battery or via a power inverter 
                      to supply standard household appliances with 240 volt electricity.
                    How many solar panels will I need?
                     This will vary greatly, but as a very general 
                      guide, 75 to 120 watts of solar panels are required for 
                      every 200 AH of batteries.
                    How many batteries do I need?
                     Depends greatly on your energy requirements. 
                      For example, if you just wish to run a notebook all day, 
                      LED lighting and a few small appliances intermittently, 
                      a 100 AH battery may suffice, assuming you have the correct 
                      sized solar panel to charge it. To run a household will 
                      require far more battery storage.
                    
                    Solar Panels FAQ
                    What is a solar panel?
                     A solar panel converts light energy into 
                      electricity without causing pollution. Solar panels are 
                      also referred to as a photovoltaic or PV modules (photo 
                      = light, voltaic = electricity).
                     How does electricity get stored 
                      for use after sun goes down? 
                     With Remote Access Power Systems (not on 
                      mains power) the energy is stored in deep cycle batteries 
                      for use as required.
                      Grid connect systems direct excess electricity produced 
                      during the day back into the local electricity grid. This 
                      turns your electricity meter backwards in the process. You 
                      then receive credit for any power that you put back into 
                      the grid. At night time, you automatically use electricity 
                      straight from the grid.
                     Can solar panels work in the shade?
                     The output of any panel will be reduced 
                      or cut off if shaded. However, some solar panels do work 
                      better than others in the shade. If a single cell is heavily 
                      shaded, that cell is cut off.
                    
                    Deep Cycle Battery FAQ
                    What is a deep cycle battery?
                     Deep cycle batteries used in solar power 
                      systems are batteries designed to be discharged over a long 
                      period of time (e.g. 100 hours) and recharged hundreds or 
                      thousands of times, unlike conventional car batteries which 
                      are designed to provide a large amount of current for a 
                      short amount of time.
                    Power Inverters FAQ
                    What is an inverter?
                     Most household appliances use alternating 
                      current (AC) electricity, which is what comes out of the 
                      power point of a mains-grid connected house. However, the 
                      batteries used in RAPS supply (DC) electricity. To make 
                      conventional appliances run in a RAPS house, this DC electricity 
                      must be converted to AC.
                      This conversion is done by a device called an inverter. 
                      The inverter is connected to the battery bank, and provides 
                      mains-type AC electricity to the house. The inverter needs 
                      to be sized to suit the house's electrical requirements, 
                      a common size being around 2000 watts, or 2 kilowatts.
                    Do power inverters store power?
                     Power Inverters cannot store power, they 
                      just act as a 'converter' to change the power from a 12VDC 
                      power source to 240V AC. This enables you to use normal 
                      household appliances and tools from your vehicle.
                    What are the different types of inverters?
                     There are two different types of power 
                      inverters: modified sine wave and true sine wave inverters.
                      The difference between the two types is how close the output 
                      power replicates standard AC mains power. 
                      The difference in output between mains power, modified sine 
                      wave and true sine wave inverters is shown below:
                    
                    
                    Modified sine wave inverters
                    A modified sine wave inverter can adequately power 
                    some household appliances and power tools. It is cheaper, 
                    but may present certain compromises with some loads such as 
                    computers, microwave ovens, laser printers, clocks and cordless 
                    tool chargers. Virtually all low cost inverters are "modified 
                    sine wave". A modified sine wave is easier and cheaper 
                    to produce than a sine wave inverter. 
True sine wave 
                    inverters
                    A true sine wave inverter is designed to replicate 
                    and even improve the quality of electricity supplied by utility 
                    companies. To operate higher-end electronic equipment, a sine 
                    wave inverter is recommended. Efficiency has reached up to 
                    about 98% and the electricity from these devices is of a higher 
                    quality than grid power almost anywhere in the world.
 
                   To operate an inverter and supply power to 
                    an appliance, a suitable 12V DC power supply is required. 
                    This can be a vehicle, boat or caravan battery, portable power 
                    pack or an independent 12V lead acid battery. For most applications, 
                    a deep cycle battery is recommended for best performance. 
                    For 24V power inverters a 24V DC power source is required 
                    and are designed for those that use a 24 Volt System or battery.
                  A regulator is an electronic device which 
                    controls the voltage of the charging source. Regulators are 
                    used to stop the batteries from being overcharged. When the 
                    batteries are fully charged, the regulator halts the flow 
                    of power from the solar panels to the batteries. Additionally, 
                    a regulator stops any power flow from the batteries at night. 
                    The controller is also used so that the batteries get charged 
                    at the correct voltage. In order to calculate the Amp rating 
                    of a controller you must follow this simple equation:
                    
                    Amps x Volts = Watts.
                    
                    So, if you have a 175W panel at 24 volts the following calculation 
                    should be made Amps x 175 = 24, then the regulator should 
                    be at 175/ 24= 7.3 Amps.
                   The solar regulator's measured amp rating 
                    should slightly exceed the total amp rating of the solar panels.
                   You should buy a charger which is 1/10 of 
                    the battery size. ie. If you have a 100amp deep cycle battery, 
                    buy an automatic 10amp battery charger.
                    Different types of batteries require different charging regimes. 
                    SLA (sealed lead acid), AGM (absorbent glass matt) and gel 
                    batteries are traditionally charged at a lower voltage than 
                    flooded lead acid batteries. This varies depending on the 
                    manufacturer and you should always check what charging voltage 
                    is required before you buy deep cycle batteries and a battery 
                    charger. 
                   The terms "wind energy" or "wind 
                    power" describe the process by which the wind is used 
                    to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines 
                    convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. 
                    This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such 
                    as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert 
                    this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, 
                    schools, and the like. 
                    Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the 
                    moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an 
                    electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite 
                    of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like 
                    a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind 
                    turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a 
                    generator and makes electricity. 
                   The vagaries of the wind in different areas, 
                    differing loads, land mass heights and potential structures 
                    that will cause wind turbulence are major considerations. 
                    The closer you are to the sea the greater likelihood of stronger 
                    winds. This has its own challenges with wind strengths that 
                    can destroy the generator. Turbulence must be considered. 
                  
                   One of the best non technical methods is 
                    with a kite. You have streamers tied to the kite string and 
                    by taking careful note of how the streamers react you can 
                    easily judge how far you need to have the generator placed 
                    from the cause of the turbulence. 
                   No easy answer. In some cases it is the tower with guy wires 
                    not able to support the structure adequately. In turbulent 
                    areas bearings. Most modern wind generators do not have brushes, 
                    replacement of leading edge protective tape in sandy areas 
                    is common.